Born in Vienna 1956, Dr. phil. 1981 (University Vienna); Dr. habil. 2001 (University Innsbruck).

He worked in various positions in the Austrian Ministry of Defence from 1981 through 2021, from 2012 Director of the Institute for Strategy & Security Policy of the Austrian National Defence Academy. He retired in January 2022.

President of the Austrian Commission of Military History and member of the Board of the International Commission of Military History. President of the Austrian Society for Army Historical Research.